COPD as a systemic disease

[Atherosclerosis as a systemic disease].

Atherosclerosis is a widespread, chronic progressive disease that mainly involves medium-sized arteries. Clinically, it can become apparent as ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, or peripheral arterial disease. In Spain, atherosclerosis is responsible for 124,000 deaths each year. Despite the trend towards a reduction in the aged-adjusted mortality rate for cardiovascular disease, ...

Schizophrenia as a systemic disease.

Although in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of MentalDisordersof the American Psychiatric Association (DSM) schizophrenia is listed as a psychotic disorder, DSM criteria include negative symptoms and psychomotor abnormalities as well as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganization. In recent years, the concept that cognitive impairment—problems in memory, attention, executive function, ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 5: systemic effects of COPD.

The role of body cell mass wasting, muscle wasting, and changes in muscle metabolism in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is reviewed.

Chronic Periaortitis as a Systemic Autoimmune Disease

Systemic effects in COPD.

The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of COPD are not restricted to pulmonary inflammation and structural remodeling. Rather, this disorder is associated with clinically significant systemic alterations in biochemistry and organ function. The systemic aspects of COPD include oxidative stress and altered circulating levels of inflammatory mediators and acute-phase proteins. Indeed, an imp...